History of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka, often called the “Pearl of the Indian Ocean,” has a history that spans over 2,500 years, blending ancient kingdoms, colonial encounters, and modern independence. Its story is filled with cultural achievements, spiritual traditions, and a unique identity that continues to attract travelers worldwide.

Early Settlements and Buddhism: Archaeological evidence shows that Sri Lanka was inhabited as early as prehistoric times. By the 6th century BCE, Indo-Aryan settlers from North India, led by Prince Vijaya, established the island’s first known kingdom.

In 247 BCE, Buddhism was introduced by Arahat Mahinda, the son of Emperor Ashoka of India. This marked a turning point, making Buddhism the cornerstone of Sri Lankan culture, art, and governance. Many of Sri Lanka’s greatest architectural wonders, such as the stupas of Anuradhapura and Sigiriya Rock Fortress, reflect this Buddhist influence.

Colonial Era: Sri Lanka’s location along major Indian Ocean trade routes attracted Portuguese, Dutch, and British powers from the 16th century onward.

• Portuguese (1505–1658): Controlled coastal areas, introducing Catholicism and European fortifications.
• Dutch (1658–1796): Expanded trade, especially in cinnamon, and left behind canals and colonial architecture.
• British (1796–1948): Unified the island as Ceylon, developed tea, rubber, and coconut plantations, and built railways still in use today.

Independence and Republic: On February 4, 1948, Sri Lanka gained independence from British rule. The country became a republic in 1972 and adopted the name Sri Lanka.

Though the nation faced decades of internal conflict, particularly the civil war from 1983 to 2009, it has since emerged as a peaceful, rapidly developing country and a beloved travel destination.

Sri Lankan Culture

Sri Lanka’s culture reflects a mix of Buddhist, Hindu, Islamic, and Christian traditions, shaped by both South Asian heritage and European colonial influence.

• Art & Dance: Classical Kandyan dance, colorful masks, and traditional drumming are key parts of festivals and rituals.
• Festivals: Major celebrations include Vesak (Buddha’s birth, enlightenment, and death), Sinhala and Tamil New Year, and Hindu festivals like Thai Pongal.
• Clothing: Traditional attire includes the saree for women and the sarong for men, though modern Western clothing is common in daily life.

Language

Sri Lanka has two official languages: Sinhala (spoken by the majority) and Tamil. English is also widely used in business, education, and tourism, making travel convenient for visitors.

Cuisine

Sri Lankan cuisine is famous for its bold spices, coconut-based curries, and rice dishes.

• Staples include rice and curry, often served with lentils, vegetables, and fish.
• Specialties include hoppers (appa), kottu roti, and seafood dishes flavored with cinnamon and chili.
• Tea lovers will find Sri Lanka’s Ceylon tea world-renowned, thanks to its lush hill country plantations.